Gustav II Adolf inherited the throne at the age of just 16, but became involved in governing Sweden as early as 1609, following his father’s stroke. He has been described as a capable practical politician, but he also had skilled advisers. The king’s interest in education inspired him to make a large donation to Uppsala University. Like other 17th-century Swedish monarchs he led his army in person, and he died in battle at the age of 38. This portrait was probably not painted from life.